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Vulva : Overview, Anatomy, structure and function - Sentelhealth

 Overview : The vulva is a part of the female reproductive system and is also part of the external genitalia. The vulva consists of labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibular bulb, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's glands. other parts of the vulva include sebaceous glands, urogenital triangle, and pudendal cleft. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva and vulva including the entrance to the vagina. Vulva goes through changes during childhood, puberty, menopause, and post-menopause. Structure: A) Mons pubis: it is present in both sexes and act as a cushion during sexual intercourse and is more pronounced in female. the mons pubis is a soft fatty tissue at the front of the vulva in the pubic region covering the pubic bone. the lower part of the mons pubis is divided by a fissure called pudendal cleft. it separates mons pubis and labia majora, the mons pubis, and labia majora get covered by pubic hair at pu...
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Liver cancer symptoms- Sentelhealth

Liver cancer symptoms- Sentelhealth


liver cancer is not common cancer in the united states but it is more common in Asia. The most common age groups are -

A)People above 50 years old
B)Children, especially in the first month of life (Neonatal period)

when it occurs in adults it is called cholangiocarcinoma and in children, it is called hepatoblastoma.
Almost 75-80% of cases of the liver are due to underlying hepatitis B and C infections.
Male alcoholics are commonly affected by liver cancer.

Liver cancer symptoms-

patient with liver cancer does not show any symptoms in the early stages but, as the tumor grows symptoms start to develop. some of the most common symptoms of liver cancer are-

1) Low-grade fever -
  it is one of the earliest symptoms to appears, it is due to tumor cell death as the body is not able to compensate for the nutritional demands of rapidly growing tumors.

2)weight loss-
 as mentioned earlier rapid growth of the tumor is responsible for weight loss in patients with liver cancer. This is the symptom that arises suspicion of cancerous pathology, a weight loss of more than 10% body weight in an otherwise healthy individual can be due to cancer.

3)Mass felt under the ribs on the right side (Enlarged liver)
4)Mass felt under the ribs on the left side (Enlarged spleen)
5)Loss of appetite
6)Hypoglycemia- as the liver is an important organ for metabolism hypoglycemia is found in 10% of patients.
7)Abdominal pain- as the rapidly growing mass exerts pressure on surrounding structures.
8)Nausea and vomiting
9)Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)- jaundice develops when cancer arises from the cirrhotic liver.

Although, many of the symptoms of liver cancer can also occur in other liver pathologies but, still if you have any of these symptoms you must consult your doctor.

 "A history of dull aching abdominal pain, weight loss, and abdominal mass in the upper abdomen causing pressure symptoms is the most common presentation of liver cancer."



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