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Showing posts from March, 2019

Vulva : Overview, Anatomy, structure and function - Sentelhealth

 Overview : The vulva is a part of the female reproductive system and is also part of the external genitalia. The vulva consists of labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibular bulb, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's glands. other parts of the vulva include sebaceous glands, urogenital triangle, and pudendal cleft. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva and vulva including the entrance to the vagina. Vulva goes through changes during childhood, puberty, menopause, and post-menopause. Structure: A) Mons pubis: it is present in both sexes and act as a cushion during sexual intercourse and is more pronounced in female. the mons pubis is a soft fatty tissue at the front of the vulva in the pubic region covering the pubic bone. the lower part of the mons pubis is divided by a fissure called pudendal cleft. it separates mons pubis and labia majora, the mons pubis, and labia majora get covered by pubic hair at pu...
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth

Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth overview - erectile dysfunction is a consistent inability to attain or maintain sufficient rigid penile erection to perform sex. According to a survey in 2018  more than 50% of men aged more than 40 years experience erectile dysfunction . In a normal healthy person, erection is caused by the intact nervous and vascular systems working together in coordination. "A person is called to have erectile dysfunction when he is enabled to attain or maintain an erection for 3 months." However, the basic mechanism of erection is an increase in the inflow of the blood to the penis with a subsequent decrease in the outflow by causing constriction of the veins draining the blood from the penis. Causes of erectile dysfunction - In many cases of erectile dysfunction treating the underlying cause eventually relieve the condition.Therefore, a detailed history of the patien...
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How erection occurs - mechanism | components | disorders of erection

How erection occurs - mechanism |  components | disorders of erection Overview Erection is a process occurring as a result of erotic psychological stimuli. A normal erection  is a neurovascular event relying on intact nerve supply, blood supply, and the tone of the muscles responsible for erection.  "The basic concept in the erection is an increase in the inflow of blood to penis with a subsequent decrease in the outflow". How erection occurs? Erotic psychological stimuli to the http://brain result in stimulating the brain to generate sexual feelings and to release specific hormones called neurotransmitters which causes an increase in the blood to the http:// penis (vasodilation)and also a decrease in the outflow ( vasoconstriction). The occurrence of vasodilation and vasoconstriction simultaneously is vital for causing and sustaining erection.                               ...
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Peyronie's disease - Overview | causes | symptoms | treatment - Sentelhealth

Peyronie's disease - Overview | causes | symptoms | treatment - Sentelhealth Overview peyronie's disease is the formation of scar/fibrosis in the tunica albuginea layer of the penis which can result in the curvature of the penis(bent penis). The most common age group affected is men over 50 years of age. Over 5-10% of men above 50 are affected by the condition. Although  Peyronie's disease mostly occurs in men above 50 years it can also occur in younger men. In simple words chances of getting a disease increase with age but, is not a normal part of aging. If left untreated 10% of the cases will improve,50% will stabilize and the rest will progress to a more severe form of the disease. Causes of Peyronie's disease  The exact cause of Peyronie's disease is not fully understood yet. However, according to some researchers, there are some causes that can explain the etiology of Peyronie's disease. A)Trauma - A trauma to the penis by a blunt object whi...
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Priapism - Overview | symptoms | causes | diagnosis | treatment -Sentelhealth

Priapism - Overview | Types | Symptoms | Causes | Diagnosis | Treatment -Sentelhealth Overview Priapism is a penile erection lasting longer than four hours which isn't related to sexual stimulation.  Priapism is a rare condition and occurs most commonly in men in their 30s. Although, there are some cases of clitoral priapism that have been reported.  Priapism symptoms depend on the type of priapism the person has, there are three main types of priapism : 1)Ischemic priapism ischemic priapism is the most common type of priapism . It is also called low flow priapism , it occurs as the blood is unable to leave the penis . symptoms of ischemic priapism include: a)Penile erection lasting longer than four hours without sexual stimulation. b)Ischemic priapism is painful and pain progresses with the duration of priapism. c)Penile shaft is rigid but, the glans(tip) is soft. 2)Recurrent priapism Recurrent priapism is a form of ischemic priapism characterized by...
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Mesothelioma blood tests - Types and uses - Sentelhealth

Mesothelioma blood tests - Types and uses - Sentelhealth Blood tests in the mesothelioma patient can be used in : A)diagnosis of mesothelioma B)monitoring the response to treatment C)screening of mesothelioma These tests analyze for specific proteins and biomarkers but, these tests are not reliable enough to confirm the disease on their own. There are three blood tests that can be used in mesothelioma 1)Mesomark :  mesomark can detect soluble mesothelin-related peptide(SMRP) which is a biomarker for mesothelioma.SMRP is useful in monitoring tumor response to treatment but, it cannot be used for the definitive diagnosis of mesothelioma.IT has a low sensitivity of 68% which means it can detect only 68 out of 100 cases. 2)Human MPF(megakaryocyte potentiation factor) :  MPF is a mesothelioma marker and  is produced by mesothelin precursor protein.  Its levels increase as the tumor grows and shows the highest levels in end-stage patients. The MPF test can m...
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth

Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth overview - erectile dysfunction is a consistent inability to attain or maintain sufficient rigid penile erection to perform sex. According to a survey in 2018  more than 50% of men aged more than 40 years experience erectile dysfunction . In a normal healthy person, erection is caused by the intact nervous and vascular systems working together in coordination. "A person is called to have erectile dysfunction when he is enabled to attain or maintain an erection for 3 months." However, the basic mechanism of erection is an increase in the inflow of the blood to the penis with a subsequent decrease in the outflow by causing constriction of the veins draining the blood from the penis. Causes of erectile dysfunction - In many cases of erectile dysfunction treating the underlying cause eventually relieve the condition.Therefore, a detailed history of the patien...
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Perineal care - indications, procedure and significance

Perineal care also called  peri-care or perineal genital care is a procedure involving washing of the perineal area with soap and water or by any commercially prepared peri-wash. The perineal area is prone to infections as it is warm, moist, and not well ventilated. In a normal person, a daily bath is enough to prevent any perineal infections but, in some cases,  perineal care is required for a certain period of time. What are indications of perineal care : 1)Postpartum females with repaired perineal tears. 2)Patients with genitourinary tract infections. 3) Patients recovering from surgeries of the genital region. 4) Patients suffering from incontinence. 5) Patients who are unable to do self-care. Preparation of the patient : Thoroughly wash your hands and medical gloves before you begin the procedure. Explain the procedure to the patient and take the consent before starting the procedure. Tell the patient to separate legs if the patient is unable to do that caregiver will...
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Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment -Sentelhealth

Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment  Overview Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of a spinal canal. It is a senile disease occurring most commonly in patients aged 50 years or more, the risk of getting spinal stenosis increases with age, and males are affected more than females. The most common site for spinal stenosis is a lumbar spine affecting nearly 70% of the cases. Osteoarthritis and disc herniation are the most common causes of  spinal stenosis . Symptoms and signs - 1) Worsening of pain on extension of the spine, on examination patient show limited movements of the lumbar spine due to severe pain. Extension of the spine may also produce leg symptoms. 2) Leg symptoms - pain in legs (single or bilateral) after walking for several minutes and relieved on sitting. This phenomenon is called neurogenic claudication. Treatment of spinal stenosis - Early treatment in spinal stenosis help to avoid complication and improve the quality of life of a patien...
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