Overview : The vulva is a part of the female reproductive system and is also part of the external genitalia. The vulva consists of labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibular bulb, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's glands. other parts of the vulva include sebaceous glands, urogenital triangle, and pudendal cleft. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva and vulva including the entrance to the vagina. Vulva goes through changes during childhood, puberty, menopause, and post-menopause. Structure: A) Mons pubis: it is present in both sexes and act as a cushion during sexual intercourse and is more pronounced in female. the mons pubis is a soft fatty tissue at the front of the vulva in the pubic region covering the pubic bone. the lower part of the mons pubis is divided by a fissure called pudendal cleft. it separates mons pubis and labia majora, the mons pubis, and labia majora get covered by pubic hair at pu...
Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment Overview Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of a spinal canal. It is a senile disease occurring most commonly in patients aged 50 years or more, the risk of getting spinal stenosis increases with age, and males are affected more than females. The most common site for spinal stenosis is a lumbar spine affecting nearly 70% of the cases. Osteoarthritis and disc herniation are the most common causes of spinal stenosis . Symptoms and signs - 1) Worsening of pain on extension of the spine, on examination patient show limited movements of the lumbar spine due to severe pain. Extension of the spine may also produce leg symptoms. 2) Leg symptoms - pain in legs (single or bilateral) after walking for several minutes and relieved on sitting. This phenomenon is called neurogenic claudication. Treatment of spinal stenosis - Early treatment in spinal stenosis help to avoid complication and improve the quality of life of a patien...