Overview : The vulva is a part of the female reproductive system and is also part of the external genitalia. The vulva consists of labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibular bulb, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's glands. other parts of the vulva include sebaceous glands, urogenital triangle, and pudendal cleft. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva and vulva including the entrance to the vagina. Vulva goes through changes during childhood, puberty, menopause, and post-menopause. Structure: A) Mons pubis: it is present in both sexes and act as a cushion during sexual intercourse and is more pronounced in female. the mons pubis is a soft fatty tissue at the front of the vulva in the pubic region covering the pubic bone. the lower part of the mons pubis is divided by a fissure called pudendal cleft. it separates mons pubis and labia majora, the mons pubis, and labia majora get covered by pubic hair at pu...
Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment
Overview
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of a spinal canal. It is a senile disease occurring most commonly in patients aged 50 years or more, the risk of getting spinal stenosis increases with age, and males are affected more than females. The most common site for spinal stenosis is a lumbar spine affecting nearly 70% of the cases. Osteoarthritis and disc herniation are the most common causes of spinal stenosis.Symptoms and signs -
1) Worsening of pain on extension of the spine, on examination patient show limited movements of the lumbar spine due to severe pain. Extension of the spine may also produce leg symptoms.2) Leg symptoms - pain in legs (single or bilateral) after walking for several minutes and relieved on sitting. This phenomenon is called neurogenic claudication.
Treatment of spinal stenosis -
Early treatment in spinal stenosis help to avoid complication and improve the quality of life of a patient. Treatment for spinal stenosis include :
A) Medical treatment and physical therapy - it includes the flexion exercises for the spine which help to reduce the pain and improve the spinal movement. Medical treatment includes corticosteroid injections (epidural or facet joint Injections) which help to reduce the pain. However, patients on epidural steroids show less improvement in the long term than other forms of treatment and are also associated with a longer hospital stay.
B) Surgical treatment - When treating a patient with spinal stenosis surgical treatment is considered superior to medical treatment. With multiple randomized control trials and with many patient subgroups involved it is found that surgically treated patients improved significantly better than the patients on medical treatment. The surgical treatment options for spinal stenosis include :1)Nerve root decompression (freeing a single nerve)
2)Spinal decompression (widening of the spinal canal)
3)Spinal fusion (Joining the vertebra to eliminate motion and diminish pain from arthritic joints)
Prognosis of spinal stenosis
prognosis of spinal stenosis after surgical treatment depends on certain factors presence of which indicates a good treatment outcome these include :a)Predominant leg pain than the back pain
b)Lower baseline disability scores
c)prognosis is better in non-smokers.
d)Neuroforaminal stenosis
e)Presence of neurologic deficit
Harrah's Reno - MapyRO
ReplyDeleteHarrah's 구리 출장샵 Reno is 여수 출장샵 a casino and hotel located in Reno, Nevada, U.S.A.. Find reviews and discounts 경기도 출장안마 for AAA/AARP 강릉 출장안마 members, seniors, 천안 출장안마