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Showing posts from January, 2022

Vulva : Overview, Anatomy, structure and function - Sentelhealth

 Overview : The vulva is a part of the female reproductive system and is also part of the external genitalia. The vulva consists of labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibular bulb, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's glands. other parts of the vulva include sebaceous glands, urogenital triangle, and pudendal cleft. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva and vulva including the entrance to the vagina. Vulva goes through changes during childhood, puberty, menopause, and post-menopause. Structure: A) Mons pubis: it is present in both sexes and act as a cushion during sexual intercourse and is more pronounced in female. the mons pubis is a soft fatty tissue at the front of the vulva in the pubic region covering the pubic bone. the lower part of the mons pubis is divided by a fissure called pudendal cleft. it separates mons pubis and labia majora, the mons pubis, and labia majora get covered by pubic hair at pu...
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Rectum : Overview, Anatomy, Course, Supports, Function - Sentelhealth

OVERVIEW : The rectum is the last part of the large intestine and is placed between the sigmoid colon above and the anal canal below. Ironically the name comes from Latin rectum intestinal which means a straight line, but the rectum is not curved and is actually curved in front to back direction and also inside to side direction. Distension of the rectum causes the desire to defecate. LOCATION AND EXTENT :  The rectum is located in the posterior part of the pelvis right in front of the sacrum and coccyx. The rectum begins as a continuation of the sigmoid colon at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra. The rectum ends by becoming continuous with the anal canal at the anorectal region. The anorectal junction lies 2-3 cm in front and a little below the tip of the coccyx. DIMENSIONS : In humans the rectum is 12 cm long, in the upper part, it has the same diameter of 4 cm as of sigmoid colon but in the lower part, it is dilated to form rectal ampulla. COURSE AND DIRECTION : Rectum first ...
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Penis - Anatomy, Function, Erection, Clinical conditions - Sentelhealth

 The penis is the external male genital organ that serves the purpose of the male organ of copulation as well as the urinal duct reaching its full size during puberty. PARTS OF PENIS : A) Root - the root of the penis is made of two erectile tissue as follows  1) Crus: They are two in number and are covered by ischiocavernosus muscle. 2) Bulb: it is located between two crura and covered by bulbospongiosus muscle. It is pierced by the urethra to reach the body of the penis and the urethra shows dilation within the bulb called the navicular fossa. B) Body of the penis - it is a continuation of the root of the penis and is completely covered by skin. The body of the penis is made of the three erectile masses and during the erection, these masses become engorged with blood leading to the erection and they are as follows;- 1) Corpora cavernosa: they are two in number and are a continuation of the root of the penis and are located on either side of the corpus spongiosus and they d...
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Scrotum : Overview, Anatomy, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Function, clinical conditions - Sentelhealth

OVERVIEW : The scrotum is the male external genital organ located at the base of the penis next to the upper thighs. It is a dual-chambered sac of skin that contains testicles, the two oval glands responsible for producing and storing sperm. The scrotum is hanging away from the body as it requires a slightly lower temperature for sperm production than the rest of the body. Scrotum also acts as a protective layer for inside structures like the testis and other major blood vessels. The left scrotum hangs a little lower than the right scrotum. In the influence of cold and in young person scrotum is corrugated and closely applied to the testis and in warm conditions and in old person scrotum is elongated and flaccid. STRUCTURE OF SCROTUM : Externally scrotum is divided into right and left parts by a ridge called the perineal raphe which joins with the internal septum of the scrotum. A) Layers of scrotum:- The scrotum is made of the following structures from outside-inwards : 1) Skin - it i...
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth

Erectile dysfunction (ED) - Causes | symptoms | treatment | complications | prevention - Sentelhealth overview - erectile dysfunction is a consistent inability to attain or maintain sufficient rigid penile erection to perform sex. According to a survey in 2018  more than 50% of men aged more than 40 years experience erectile dysfunction . In a normal healthy person, erection is caused by the intact nervous and vascular systems working together in coordination. "A person is called to have erectile dysfunction when he is enabled to attain or maintain an erection for 3 months." However, the basic mechanism of erection is an increase in the inflow of the blood to the penis with a subsequent decrease in the outflow by causing constriction of the veins draining the blood from the penis. Causes of erectile dysfunction - In many cases of erectile dysfunction treating the underlying cause eventually relieve the condition.Therefore, a detailed history of the patien...
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Perineal care - indications, procedure and significance

Perineal care also called  peri-care or perineal genital care is a procedure involving washing of the perineal area with soap and water or by any commercially prepared peri-wash. The perineal area is prone to infections as it is warm, moist, and not well ventilated. In a normal person, a daily bath is enough to prevent any perineal infections but, in some cases,  perineal care is required for a certain period of time. What are indications of perineal care : 1)Postpartum females with repaired perineal tears. 2)Patients with genitourinary tract infections. 3) Patients recovering from surgeries of the genital region. 4) Patients suffering from incontinence. 5) Patients who are unable to do self-care. Preparation of the patient : Thoroughly wash your hands and medical gloves before you begin the procedure. Explain the procedure to the patient and take the consent before starting the procedure. Tell the patient to separate legs if the patient is unable to do that caregiver will...
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Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment -Sentelhealth

Spinal stenosis - causes | symptoms | treatment  Overview Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of a spinal canal. It is a senile disease occurring most commonly in patients aged 50 years or more, the risk of getting spinal stenosis increases with age, and males are affected more than females. The most common site for spinal stenosis is a lumbar spine affecting nearly 70% of the cases. Osteoarthritis and disc herniation are the most common causes of  spinal stenosis . Symptoms and signs - 1) Worsening of pain on extension of the spine, on examination patient show limited movements of the lumbar spine due to severe pain. Extension of the spine may also produce leg symptoms. 2) Leg symptoms - pain in legs (single or bilateral) after walking for several minutes and relieved on sitting. This phenomenon is called neurogenic claudication. Treatment of spinal stenosis - Early treatment in spinal stenosis help to avoid complication and improve the quality of life of a patien...
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